Stomach: Ulcers | Symptoms | Causes

Understanding Stomach Ulcers: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis

Stomach ulcers, also called gastric ulcers, are open sores within the lining of the stomach, esophagus, or duodenum that can become quite painful. Stomach ulcers are often categorized as a type of peptic ulcer disease.

Symptoms of Stomach Ulcers

• Burning sensation in the stomach
• Pain between the belly button and breastbone, often after eating or at night
• Bloating and weight loss
• Acidity and frequent burping
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of appetite or feeling full easily
• Dark stools or bloody stools
• Anemia, which may result in fatigue and pale skin

Causes of Stomach Ulcers

There are two primary causes of stomach ulcers:

• Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria
• Long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen or aspirin

Other contributing factors include excessive consumption of spicy foods, alcohol, smoking, and stress.

Diagnosis of Stomach Ulcers

Doctors use several methods to diagnose stomach ulcers:

• Barium Upper Gastrointestinal X-ray: A chalk-like substance called barium is swallowed to provide clearer X-ray images of the digestive system.
• Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (EGD): A flexible tube is inserted through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
• Blood Test: A small sample of blood is tested for antibodies against H. pylori bacteria.
• Fecal Sample: A stool test to check for the presence of H. pylori bacteria or blood.
• Breath Test: The patient drinks a liquid containing a radioactive chemical. If H. pylori is present, CO2 levels will be elevated when breathing into a machine.