Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Hypertension is a common chronic condition that can cause other health issues such as cardiac disease.
Symptoms
Hypertension is often asymptomatic, even at extreme levels. Common symptoms include headaches, shortness of breath, nosebleeds, and tinnitus. However, many patients with poorly controlled hypertension show no symptoms.
Monitoring Blood Pressure
Blood pressure can be checked routinely during medical visits. If you are 40 years or older or have a family history of hypertension, regular monitoring is advised. Home monitoring devices are also available.
Types of Hypertension
Primary (Essential) Hypertension
Develops gradually over many years with no identifiable cause.
Secondary Hypertension
Caused by underlying conditions such as hormonal imbalances, kidney issues, or lifestyle factors like smoking and alcohol abuse.
Risk Factors
Risk increases with age, particularly after 45. Hypertension is more common in men, but the risk for women rises after menopause. People of African origin are more prone to hypertension.
Other Risk Factors
- Family History: Hypertension can have a genetic link.
- Body Mass Index (BMI): Overweight individuals are more likely to develop hypertension.
- Inactive Lifestyles: Sedentary habits increase the risk of high blood pressure.
- Smoking: Both direct and secondhand smoke raise blood pressure.
- Sodium Intake: Excessive salt leads to fluid retention, increasing blood pressure.
- Potassium: Low potassium levels can also cause blood pressure fluctuations.
- Alcohol: Excessive drinking affects blood pressure regulation.
Complications
- Heart Attacks: A known complication of hypertension.
- Strokes: Hypertension increases the risk of cerebrovascular accidents.
