Mastitis: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment
Mastitis is an infection of the breast, most frequently endured by nursing mothers. It can also occur unrelated to gestation or breastfeeding. It's caused by bacteria entering the nipple, generally from the baby's nose or throat, that causes inflammation of the mammary glands. This inflammation can spread through the entire breast, and the bacterial infection can enter the bloodstream.
Symptoms and Causes
The most common bacteria are Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Streptococci. Risk factors include:
- Bruising of the nipple
- Blocked milk ducts
- Poor letdown
- Tight bras
- Long intervals between breastfeeding
- Previous history of mastitis
Complications
Potential complications include:
- Abscess formation: May require surgical drainage
- Rash: Can occur with infants
- Milk stasis: When milk isn't fully drained, causing pain and inflammation
Diagnosis and Treatment
A breast ultrasound may be performed to determine if there's an abscess or mass present. Treatment options include:
- Warm compresses
- Loose-fitting clothing
- Continued breastfeeding to relieve engorgement
- Antibiotics
- Pain medication
Prevention
Preventive measures include:
- Thorough hand and breast washing before and after nursing
- Proper breastfeeding technique (entire areola in baby's mouth)
- Alternating feeding positions
- Keeping nipples dry and exposed to air when possible
- Maintaining good hydration and nutrition
- Massaging breasts during warm showers to promote drainage
Note: If symptoms persist or worsen, consult a healthcare provider immediately.
