Pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: What You Need to Know
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) aren't easy to talk about, but they're more common than you might realize. When it comes to pregnancy and STIs/STDs, it's essential to understand how to protect yourself and your baby.
How Do I Know If I Have an STI or STD?
At your first prenatal appointment, most healthcare providers will test for STIs including:
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- HIV
- Syphilis
- Hepatitis B and C
Testing is typically done through blood tests, vaginal swabs, and urine tests. High-risk groups include women under 25, those with new/multiple partners, or inconsistent condom use.
What Happens If I Test Positive?
If you test positive:
- Most bacterial STIs can be treated with antibiotics
- Follow-up testing may be needed in the third trimester
- HIV requires ongoing treatment for mother and baby
Early treatment significantly reduces the risk of transmission to your baby.
Potential Pregnancy Complications
Untreated STIs may lead to:
- Preterm labor
- Premature rupture of membranes
- Mother-to-child transmission during delivery/breastfeeding
Key Recommendations
- Get tested at your first prenatal visit
- Repeat testing in third trimester if high-risk
- Complete all prescribed treatments
- Discuss concerns confidentially with your provider
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